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| Joshua approving of the car |
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| Joshua's first Tim Hortons while in Manila for immigration |
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| Joshua approving of the car |
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| Joshua's first Tim Hortons while in Manila for immigration |
The following story is about the wake and funeral of Nestor's younger brother, as well as my observations of grieving in the Philippines
How We Say Goodbye
Jimmy’s funeral and my thoughts on wakes and grieving in the Philippines and Kalingan culture
“Jimmy is Going”
“Hon, Jimmy is going,” my husband said gravely from the other room, holding our 5 month old Joshua, while I finished the dishes before we both planned to go to work. He had just received a text from a family member.
“Oh no.” I responded suddenly. The night before we had just been talking hopeful words, Maybe he would be healed, maybe he would recover. Jimmy is Nestor’s younger brother. He had kidney problems and had been on dialysis for 6 years. Like all dialysis patients in the Philippines (and there are a lot) the dialysis only seems to give an extension of a few years….but when it’s your loved one you always hope they will live longer than the usual life expectancy.
“Should I pack I bag?” I asked, the practical side of me kicking in.
“Yes,” he said, equally as practical but with a heaviness in his voice.
“Alright I will just finish the dishes.” But before I could, a message was received that Jimmy was in fact gone. Sadness came over me and I finished the last dish and wiped the counter. I knew what the following days would bring and there would be no chance to clean anything in the house for at least two days. I went to my husband while he stood rocking our son and could see the sadness on his face. I hugged him and he hugged me back with his free arm.
When someone dies in this culture, things begin to happen in seconds. It’s this unique kind of energy of both purpose and grief chasing each other.
I began throwing things in a bag blindly until I finally took a breath and realized I needed to focus or we were going to end up with all shirts and no pants! I could hear my husband’s deep sighs in the other room as I arranged what we would need for the next two days and two nights, while he carried the baby. The cat was given extra food. Baby’s things checked. Messages sent to the right people explaining why we would not be in work. A message came in from Ellora (my friend/ministry partner/lives in Nestor’s home village)
“I just heard. I am so sorry. Victor, (her husband) has gone up to help set up the tent, people are starting to gather.”
We drove straight to the hospital. We walked to the outdoor waiting area and paused. I had the baby in my arms and knew he shouldn’t go inside but sensed maybe I should go. I looked around and a neighbor of the family was sitting there and motioned for me to give him the baby. He took the baby with a smile and motioned me forward. Together, Nestor and I went to where the family was and where the body of my brother-in-law lay covered with a sheet, only his feet exposed. Nestor stood still at the end of the bed for a moment taking it in and I, right behind him. His other two brothers were there, our father and a great aunt. A niece who had been there all night was sniffling with red eyes. She asked where Joshua was, and I motioned towards the outside. She immediately got up and went outside. The funeral home services arrived then and soon had the body in the hearse. We headed outside. Our niece had Joshua in her arms lifting him in the air. Her tears had dried. Quick arrangements were made in the family’s dialect. The two brothers followed the hearse to the funeral home. A niece had already stayed behind to sort out the medical bill. Our father, aunt and niece squished in the back of our car and we headed to Pakak where the two day wake would begin.
Wakes and Beginning to Grieve
In the Philippines, multiple day long wakes are the norm. The only time this was not the case was during Covid which wreaked havoc on the mourning culture in the country. Cremation is not at all popular. Being able to grieve over the physical body is an important part of the grieving process. Although I had attended a wake here and there over the years, the first time I witnessed the full experience was when a church member passed away and an eight day wake proceeded in the church. Wakes typically last between 3-8 days. This depends on the culture. However, for example, in Nestor’s culture the wakes last only two days and two nights.
We arrived in Pakak. One tent was already set up and another was in the process. People had begun to gather at the family’s little house. The house itself had already been cleared and swept to make room for guests and the coffin, however it was soon decided that the church (which stands right next to the house) could be used to hold the coffin and the grievers, as well as the donations box and book. During the duration of the wake, family and friends will all donate to the bereaved family. These expenses help cover the food costs and sometimes even the medical bill costs of the deceased. Coffee started to flow, and cups and dishes began to appear out of what seemed like nowhere. My mother-in-law was often surrounded by her peers. The grief was written on her face and features. The Kalingan tribe does not express emotion in a way that perhaps north Americans are used to. I have very rarely seen the Kalingan tribesmen and women cry; not that they do not feel emotion at all. I think it is more that it is not dwelt on or made the focus of everyday life. Life is hard and one must be resilient and strong-minded to survive. The point is, it was the first time I had seen sadness written on the features of my husband’s family. My family continued to busy themselves, with preparing extension cords, making coffee, sitting with friends among other activities. That’s another thing that might seem strange to a westerner; the family of the deceased keeps busy, whether running around to make sure there is food for guests or doing the dishes or serving coffee. Usually it’s the other way around in the western culture. But I found from a first-hand experience this brings with it a strange kind of comfort.
Serving Through Your Grief
Several years previous, Chery’s father passed away suddenly from a stroke. I felt this loss, as I had come to know her father well, and he had done everything he could to make me feel a part of their family. When I received the news in the middle of the night, I wasn’t sure how to direct my grief, which may seem strange, but grief is strange. The next morning I went downstairs where activity was happening all around me. I turned to Cheryl’s husband Rod, who was busy in the kitchen and asked “What can I do?” He told me they would need my wheels. So for 5 days (which is how many days the family decided to have the wake) I drove. The family would hand me money for gas and I would drive. I would drive to pick up or drop people off, pick up food, take someone to buy something. You name it, I drove it, and it helped. At the time I didn’t think I could just sit. As I drove and served, I grieved. I slowly came to terms that he was truly gone. On the last day of the wake I was ready to cry and let go. Now I recognize that I was not a close family member and had only known him for a little over a year. But I could see how literally working through grief helped with coping. I was not ignoring the grief. After all, the reason why I was so busy was because he was no longer with us. It gave me something tangible and purposeful despite the sadness. I came to think of this as serving through your grief.
Acceptance of Death
The mourning family members go in different directions but then find moments to sit still as needed. At one point Nestor gathered 3 year old Isabella, a young niece who Jimmy helped his sister raise after her husband passed away. Nestor explained to Isabella that she would be seeing her uncle Jimmy in a box and what all that meant. You could see her mind trying to understand what that all meant. Later in the day Nestor asked her older brother Irwin, aged 5, if he knew where his uncle Jimmy was and he very calmly answered, “He is in heaven, it is good he is there, so that he can rest.”
One of the fascinating things I have sometimes observed in the Kalingan culture is the acceptance of death as part of life. There could be so many reasons for that. But perhaps one of them is that death is not shielded from children. Children attend wake. They see the bodies in the coffin and understand what death is from an early age. People may differ from their opinions on how much children should be exposed to death. But in the history of the Kalingan culture, life was hard, good medical care was only for those who could afford it, (this is still true today) mothers lost babies very commonly. Children died of diseases like typhoid. Death is something that happens a lot in these cultures and if it is not accepted one would be torn up with grief or afraid all the time.
The Mourners
As the morning turned into afternoon we got word that the funeral hearse was on the way. Here in the Philippines, the body is cared for by professionals at a funeral service and laid in a coffin chosen by the family. Glass is then overlaid between the body and the lid of the coffin. This allows for preservation of the body so it can be viewed appropriately. The lid is left open for the duration of the wake, morning and night. One person must always stay near the body. The first time I heard of this practice, it was from another Canadian missionary whose mother had passed away in the Philippines and they had a Philippine-style funeral. She told me, “It was so comforting to always have someone with the body.” I have often thought about this and asked the question: Why? Why is it comforting? A western Christian may argue that as Christians, we know that the body is just that, there is no soul there anymore, their soul is in Heaven. So why should we feel that someone should stay by the body? I am no psychologist or an anthropologist, however by powers of observation I think that everyone recognizes this; we know that the body is not our loved one. But I think our emotions need to catch up to our mind. Our emotions need time to come to terms that our loved one is no longer here on earth or in this body. We need time to accept this. And while our hearts work to let go, it is comforting to be near the last thing (their physical being) that was them.
The funeral procession arrived. I watched from a window in the church while holding Joshua. I watched my husband and his brothers carry the body of their little brother into the church building for the last time. His mother calmly brought a chair near the coffin and sat down. Then she allowed her grief to flow through her whole being as she called out his name and mourned openly. I observed how no one ran to her side to hold her or comfort her in the way a westerner might expect. They gave her space and let her wail. I actually thought it quite beautiful. No one thought it embarrassing or awkward. She was simply given physical and emotional space to let all of her grief out.
There is always a principal mourner or mourners for the deceased. If they have left a spouse behind it will be their widow or widower who has a chair by their side. If they have no living spouse, then it would be their children. And if they had not married then usually their mother. Our mother therefore would be the one to be beside him for the duration of the wake; only leaving to eat and for other necessities. If she had to leave, then an aunt would take her place. When people came to pay their respects they would always make sure to greet her and give her condolences or even visit with her for a while. Usually there was a circle near her of other ladies, showing their support. They stayed near her and the coffin all night.
The World Stops
My sister in Canada full of intrigue asked me, “So you just sit around and talk about Jimmy for two days?” Well not necessarily. Everyone talks about everything. Often it would start off with what happened and the circumstances of his death but topics might take on a range. People will also come and they come for a few hours, go home then return later, or if they live outside the village they will come for a part of a day or for an hour or two. The point is that the whole community stops for the family. In these tribal cultures it stops even to the point where no celebration can take place during those days or shortly after the burial of someone from the community.
Just a few months ago, a friend of mine had to postpone her entire wedding because a neighbor had passed away and it would have been against cultural practices and disrespectful to have a celebration when a family was grieving in the nearby community. People will leave work and travel far to attend the wakes. One couple who came to the wake of Jimmy is good friends of my father-in-law. They live a day's travel away and when the man got the news of Jimmy’s passing, he felt sad but figured he could not travel that distance to attend. But on his way to work that morning, his conscience weighed so heavily on him, he turned around to go back to his house to prepare to come. People in other tribes of my family, as soon as they heard the news, stopped everything, loaded people into trucks, jeeps and tuktuks and traveled 4 or more hours to attend even just half a day of the wake. I have always found this comforting. When my sister was sick and in the hospital, I was afraid we were going to lose her. I remember feeling frustrated that the world continued moving. And, I have heard grieving families express this also; that they wish the world would stop. In this culture it does. At least for a few days in the community, it doesn’t matter if they were a pastor, or the local drunk, everyone stops to grieve with the family.
Services and Saying Goodbye
Each night there was a service. I didn’t attend these as Joshua would be asleep by then, so I would take him to bed where we were staying with my brother and sister-in- law. Some wakes have more than just one service per day. At Chery’s father's funeral there were sometimes three in a day! This was unusual, however, since he was a very well respected pastor and had founded many churches in the area, every church that had been touched by him wanted a chance to share. It is common for some wakes to have singing or little services in addition to the nightly ones. However, In my husband’s tribe the wakes are much simpler and nightly services are typically sufficient in addition to the final service at the time of the burial.
The two days were beginning to feel like a whole week. I felt tired but also deeply appreciative of this wonderful community. I was also feeling closer to my Kalingan family. Joshua was such a good little boy. He was passed around to everyone, making people smile and spreading joy. Often I wasn’t sure where he was, but knew that some cousin or aunty would be holding him somewhere. When you have a baby in this culture you need to accept that the whole village will be involved in his childcare.
The day of the burial arrived and a wonderful service took place where each sibling could say something as well as the parents and some nieces. There were tears, which showed the deep love for their beloved brother, son and uncle. Then everyone had the last viewing. Isabella’s mother brought her to “say goodbye to her uncle Jimmy” (that nearly broke me). The lid was closed and once again his brothers carried him out of the church and into the hearse. The community followed behind to the cemetery. I was fully expecting we would go too but my husband turned to me and said “We won’t go.” Surprised, I asked why and he said it was too hot and then a little quieter “and maybe it will be very emotional.” So we all sat together as a family for a while in the calm after the storm. I looked at my mother-in law and her face now held peace instead of grief.
Mourning in the Light
This was not the first time I had seen such a transformation. As mentioned, I had witnessed an 8 day wake several years before. The man, although older, had passed away suddenly and of course it hit his beloved wife so very hard. The first day her whole being was grief stricken, her family even guiding her to the table to eat, but by the 8th day, hope was in her features. She was lighter and looked stronger. I have often wondered, how does that happen? Was there something about the longer wakes that seemed to bring on such a transformation so soon? Other times I have observed widows or mothers who seem to re-cover faster than I expected from grief than one might in North America. I have not lost someone that close to me so I can’t really speak with certainty to it at this point. But I sometimes wonder if it has something to do with the way you are surrounded during the intense initial grief in the Filipino culture versus the Western culture. You are never allowed to be alone, which again to a westerner, where we love our privacy, might seem awful. But here I find it seems to force the griever to stay in the land of the living rather than shrink into the despair of sadness. It forces them to be around life instead of dwelling on the death. Oh you mourn that is for sure, but you are not allowed to mourn by yourself, you mourn in the light rather than mourning in the dark.
Thankfulness and Tomorrow’s Hope
Jimmy was put to rest before lunch. That night we had the final community meal. Not all Filipino cultures do this, but the Butbut tribe does. A huge meal was prepared, and community members came to help. This meal held less grief and more hope. Everyone sat around visiting and eating fried pork fat and drinking more coffee or coke. Large portions of meat were skewered on a stick, then each portion was given to the community members who had either helped during the wake or walked behind the funeral procession. It’s a way to thank the community. I had never seen that at the other wakes I had attended. This seemed specific to tribal cultures. I thought it was such a beautiful thing that even in grief there is thankfulness. It is such a Biblical principle to give to others in thankfulness even if we are the ones suffering.
The next day was a new day. Life would begin again, a new normal without Jimmy. There would still be moments of sadness and grief but we were so thankful that as Christian we knew where he was; he had just “gone on ahead,” as I hear it sometimes phrased. Tomorrow is Hope because in the Christian life it is never goodbye for ever, just goodbye till we meet again.
"Its not a big issue" he said, I was holding Joshua on my hip and staring back at my husband in the late afternoon, outside our re...